Based on the information provided in Figure 2, predict the effect of a constantly active kinase on flavonoid pigment production. In leaves, the PAL enzyme is also required for the production of other pigment molecules that are capable of absorbing UV and other radiation from the sun. Explain how the relationship between light and pigment production might serve as a protective mechanism for the cells of the apple tree. Explain how the PAL enzyme interacts with its substrate in the absence of light.​

yes we can.   a lady urinates from her urethra.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.