What are the types of vascular plants? How do they reproduce?

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Explanation:

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crytogams - this type of vascular plant reproduces by spore.

phanerogams - this type of vascular plant reproduces from the seeds, hence also named as seed plants.

Angiosperms - this type of vascular plant reproduces flowers and fruits

Gymnosperms - this type of vascular plant reproduces cones and seeds only.

Vascular plants are plants that have roots, stems, and leaves. They have a vascular system that is responsible for the distribution of water and nutrients. This system is made up of the xylem (responsible for distributing the raw sap to the leaves) and the phloem (responsible for transporting the processed sap to the rest of the plant). Within this group we have: pteridophytes (Many plants do not produce flowers. They are also known as cryptogams. They reproduce through spores) and spermatophytes (they are vascular plants that produce seeds and, therefore, are the most evolved).

Explanation:

Vascular plants are those that have a “corm” made up of root and stem (stem and leaves), as well as a conduction system made up of xylem and phloem for transporting water and photosynthates. Pteridophytes are vascular plants that do not produce seeds. Within the vascular plants they are the simplest plants at a structural level, since they do not have the complexity linked to the production of these seeds, which are what allow the sexual reproduction of plants. Spermatophytes are the vascular plants that produce seeds. These seeds generated by the flowers, when they fall to the ground after dispersing, germinate and give rise to a new plant. This presence of seeds that can be spread by the wind or by animals is what has allowed these plant species to colonize the world.

a fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.[1] the age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years.[2] fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal, and natural gas.[3] other commonly used derivatives include kerosene and propane. fossil fuels range from volatile materials with low carbon to hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquids like petroleum, to nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields either alone, associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.

the theory that fossil fuels formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over millions of years was first introduced by andreas libavius "in his 1597 alchemia [alchymia]" and later by mikhail lomonosov "as early as 1757 and certainly by 1763".[4] the first use of the term "fossil fuel" was by the german chemist caspar neumann, in english translation in 1759.[5]

in 2017 the world's primary energy sources consisted of petroleum (34%), coal (28%), natural gas (23%), amounting to an 85% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world.[6] non-fossil sources in 2006 included nuclear (8.5%), hydroelectric (6.3%), and others (geothermal, solar, tidal, wind, wood, waste) amounting to 0.9%.[7] world energy consumption was growing at about 2.3% per year. in 2015 about 18% of worldwide consumption was from renewable sources.[8]