Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction Sort Listed in the Item Bank are key terms and expressions, each of which is associated with one of the columns. Some
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Explanation:

Refraction, on the other hand, bends the waves as they go through one medium to another medium, or change their direction. The amount or degree of the bend would depend on the medium they go through. If the mediums are different, it would substantially change the wave's path. The reason for this is because the medium changes the speed of the waves that go through them, depending on the material they are made up of.

A classic example of this would be the straw in a glass of water.

Diffraction occurs when the waves go through an opening of the medium or barrier. If the opening is smaller than the wave that passes through it, it would spread out wider, coming out of the opening, but if it is bigger, then the spread would decrease.

In x-ray crystallography, they use this by letting x-rays pass through the spaces in between the crystals

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave