1. Explain the advantages of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells. 2. Explain how the nucleus controls protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
3. List the components of the endomembrane system, and describe the structure and
functions of each component.
4. Describe the pathway of a newly synthesized protein through the endomembrane system
before is secreted out of the cell. What organelles will the protein visit?
5. Explain the biological/physiological relevance of mitochondrial cristae and chloroplast
thylakoids.
6. Describe the evidence that mitochondria and chloroplast are semiautonomous organelles.
7. Explain the mechanism by which microtubules transport vesicles through the cell.
8. Describe the basic structure of the plant cell wall and its function. Discuss the biological
relevance of plasmodesmata.
9. Compare and contrast the role of phospholipids and cholesterol in cell membrane
structure and function.
.0. Define diffusion. Explain why diffusion is a spontaneous process.
.1. Compare and contrast the role of transport proteins and receptor protein in cell
membrane function.
2. Define membrane potential and electrochemical gradient
3. Explain how endocytosis and exocytosis contribute to plasma membrane recycling.
4. Distinguish among osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.
15. Imagine that you can attach a molecular flag in the membranes of the rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER). Where would you expect to find such flag if vesicles formed in the RER
deliver their content outside of the cell?