The drawing shows two long rod-shaped structures with horizontal light and dark bands. How do these structures function in the inheritance of traits?
A
The two long structures are genes made up of DNA and the bands are chromosomes which can make individual proteins.
B
The two long structures are genes which contain dark RNA bands that carry information for manufacturing proteins to the cytoplasm of the cell.
C
The two long structures are chromosomes which are made up of DNA, and the bands include genes which carry information concerning how to make proteins.
D
The two long structures are made up of RNA, and the light bands are made up of DNA which carry information to the cytoplasm of the cell from the nucleus to make proteins.

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, controlling virtually every reaction within as well as providing structure and serving as signals to other cells. proteins are long chains of  amino acids  , and the exact sequence of the amino acids determines the final structure and function of the protein. instructions for that sequence are encoded in  genes  . to make a particular protein, a messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) copy is made from the gene (in the process called  transcription  ), and the mrna is transported to the  ribosome  . protein synthesis, also called  translation  , begins when the two ribosomal subunits link onto the mrna. this step, called initiation, is followed by elongation, in which successive amino acids are added to the growing chain, brought in by transfer rnas (trnas). in this step, the ribosome reads the  nucleotides  of mrna three by three, in units called  codons  , and matches each to three nucleotides on the trna, called the anticodon. finally, during termination, the ribosome unbinds from the mrna, and the  amino acid  chain goes on to be processed and folded to make the final, functional protein