.15 Ginseng production Suspension cultures of Panax ginseng plant cells are used to produce ginseng biomass for the health tonic market. The cells are grown in batch culture in a 2500-litre stirred bioreactor operated at 25C and 1 atm pressure. Over a period of 12 days, 5.5 3 106 litres of air at 25C and 1 atm are pumped into the reactor; off-gas containing 5.1 3 105 litres of oxygen leaves the vessel over the same period. About 135 kg of water is lost by evaporation during the culture. Estimate the cooling requirements.

Which of the following occurs most often in a population when genetic variation and overproduction are present? some organisms have a lower reproductive success than others. some organisms have a higher reproductive success than others. some organisms have no reproductive success. some organisms do not have genetic variation.

The dna in a cell’s nucleus encodes proteins that are eventually targeted to every membrane and compartment in the cell, as well as proteins that are targeted for secretion from the cell. for example, consider these two proteins: phosphofructokinase (pfk) is an enzyme that functions in the cytoplasm during glycolysis. insulin, a protein that regulates blood sugar levels, is secreted from specialized pancreatic cells. assume that you can track the cellular locations of these two proteins from the time that translation is complete until the proteins reach their final destinations. for each protein, identify its targeting pathway: the sequence of cellular locations in which the protein is found from when translation is complete until it reaches its final (functional) destination. (note that if an organelle is listed in a pathway, the location implied is inside the organelle, not in the membrane that surrounds the organelle.)

Why are fossils not found in igneous rocks? igneous rocks are made from cooling of lava or magma. igneous rocks are found too deep underground. igneous rocks are too dark in color to contain fossils. igneous rocks are too dense to contain fossils.