What is the relationship between genes and DNA? in sexual reproduction, offspring get their genes from their parents. They get half from mom
and half from dad.

Scientists used bacteria and added just one extra gene to it to develop insulin to treat people
with diabetes.

Genes are specific pieces of DNA that give living things their traits.

What are some possible short and long term medical concerns for crew members on longer space exploration trips

All individuals have two alleles for a given trait. according to mendel's these alleles are passed down one each from both mother and father.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).