Cells can make ATP through aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, or fermentation. Which of the following pathways do all three forms of cellular catabolism share? A) breaking down pyruvate into CO2 through a series of steps

B) reducing pyruvate into lactic acid or acetaldehyde to regenerate NAD+

C) breaking down a molecule of glucose or other organic fuel into two molecules of pyruvate

D) passing electrons through a chain of proteins to an electronegative molecule to oxidize NADH

What are the most explosive events that occur on the sun? umbras solar flares solar winds prominences

Ineed to get this test done which of the following statements is correct in hour our immune system responds to a potential pathogen? a.) the skin will be the first line of defense, and then the many phagocytes in the bloodstream will attempt to consume the possible pathogen. b.) b cells will start reading the antigen code immediately and call t cells to assist in destroying the pathogen. c.) the adapted immune system will call on the innate immune system to destroy the pathogen. d.) the t-cells in the adapted immune systems are the first to recognize the pathogen

Membrane vesicles containing an internal sodium chloride (nacl) concentration of 0.14 m are placed into separate beakers each containing a different solution. the first beaker contains 0.14 m sucrose, while the second beaker contains 0.14 m calcium chloride (cacl2). the temperature is 25°c. what is the solute potential inside the vesicles, expressed in units of mpa?