When soot settled on Birch trees in London the pale moths that were in high numbers were no longer safer and the marker moths slowly started increasing in number. Explain this observation based on Darwin's evolution?

New york city has 2,181 inhabitants per square mile. the state of alaska has 1.03 inhabitants per square mile. ecologists would say alaska has a low exponential growth population density birth rate carrying capacity

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.

There are multiple lines of evidence that provide support for common ancestry and evolution. write 3-4 paragraphs describing at least three of them in detail. provide at least one example for each line of evidence.