Many human skin tumors contain mutated p53 genes that probably result from excess UV exposure. One of 10 different equally likely mutations of the p53 gene always results from a single episode of excessive UV exposure; the 10 mutations remain equally likely over repeated exposures. A p53 gene must experience all 10 mutations before a tumor can develop. Assume that only one mutation can occur as a result of one excessive UV skin exposure. Question 2. How many excessive UV exposures would you expect are required until the p53 gene has experienced all 10 mutations

What would happen if the tubing with the yellow band was placed in a beaker of distilled water?

This is a typical grassland food web. it is also a small picture of an important cycle on earth: the carbon cycle. describe how the carbon gets into this food web. a) bacteria and fungi, the decomposers, recycle carbon from dead organisms. b) carbon is found in the grass and is passed from one level to the next in this food web. eliminate c) all living things give off carbon dioxide as a by-product of respiration and it is released into the atmosphere. d) plants use carbon dioxide as a reactant in photosynthesis, to make usable chemical energy in the form of a sugar.

What are antigens and antibodies? how are they involved in the body’s response to incompatible blood?