How do the internal structures of the tree function together to help a tree take in and lock up carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the wood of the tree as it grows?

CO2 is a basic element for plants because it is a key part of their nutrition. They take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and, after the process of photosynthesis, break down the gaseous molecule to supply themselves with energy, release oxygen and incorporate carbon atoms into their tissues. The trees of the planet act as a sink, sequestering CO2 from the air and fixing carbon for hundreds of years in the form of wood. Carbon will be released after the tree dies, when it begins to decompose.The inner layer called phloem or bast , is made up of living cells and its function is to conduct the sugar-filled sap from the leaves to the rest of the tree.

Explanation:

Trees, through photosynthesis, retain CO2 that they keep in their "organism" throughout their life cycle until they decompose. In this way they convert carbon atoms in the atmosphere into glucose (what they use to grow), and exhale oxygen that they release into the environment. By photosynthesis, plants retain CO2, becoming its dry mass of 50% carbon. The CO2 that is produced inside the mitochondria during respiration ends up being released into the atmosphere after crossing multiple barriers. The CO2 emitted by a stem xylem parenchyma cell must first cross the membranes and cell wall; and once in the intercellular spaces of the trunk, it does not diffuse rapidly outwards, but is slowed down by the conductive elements of the xylem and by the cambium, the phloem and, finally, the outer cortex. In the xylem, the arrangement and structure of the conductive elements, as well as the structure of the membranes of the pits that connect the conductive elements and these radially with the parenchyma influence the permeability to the passage of CO2.

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