Scientists are now capable of genetically engineering bacteria to produce human insulin. This insulin is then used to treat humans with certain medical conditions. Part A: Briefly explain the steps in the process of removing the human gene and inserting it into plasmid DNA. (3 points)

Part B: Human insulin-producing bacteria are not the only common and useful for genetic engineering. There are other organisms that have at least one gene from another organism spliced into their own genetic makeup. These organisms are called . (1 point)