Which best describes how scientists found the human gene that makes insulin? A. They worked backwards from mRNA to DNA.
B. They found insulin-producing genes in bacteria.
C. They used the base sequence to find the amino acid sequence.
D. They cloned insulin proteins using PCR

Sydney drew a flow chart to illustrate the nitrogen cycle. which labels best complete the flow chart? x: producers undergo photosynthesis. y: nitrogen compounds are released into the air. x: nitrogen compounds are released into the air. y: producers undergo photosynthesis. x: free nitrogen is in the atmosphere. y: producers absorb nitrogen compounds through their roots. x: producers absorb nitrogen compounds through their roots. y: free nitrogen is in the atmosphere.

The dna in a cell’s nucleus encodes proteins that are eventually targeted to every membrane and compartment in the cell, as well as proteins that are targeted for secretion from the cell. for example, consider these two proteins: phosphofructokinase (pfk) is an enzyme that functions in the cytoplasm during glycolysis. insulin, a protein that regulates blood sugar levels, is secreted from specialized pancreatic cells. assume that you can track the cellular locations of these two proteins from the time that translation is complete until the proteins reach their final destinations. for each protein, identify its targeting pathway: the sequence of cellular locations in which the protein is found from when translation is complete until it reaches its final (functional) destination. (note that if an organelle is listed in a pathway, the location implied is inside the organelle, not in the membrane that surrounds the organelle.)

What is the inability of an individual or a society to achieve a minimum standard of living known as ?