Imagine that we are interested in studying genetic and environmental influences on psychedelic mushroom consumption. For a group of twins, pairwise concordance is defined as C/(C+D), where C is the number of concordant pairs and D is the number of discordant pairs. In a study of 50 MZ twin pairs: There are 2 pairs for which both twins have consumed mushrooms.
There are 38 pairs for which neither twin has consumed mushrooms.
There are 10 pairs for which only one of the twins has consumed mushrooms.

Required:
What is the MZ pairwise concordance rate?

0.24 or 24 %

Explanation:

We know that from the given :

Pairwise concordant =

   Here, C = concordant pairs

             D = discordant pairs

Basically concordant pairs = both of twins consumed mushroom( ) + One of the twins consumed mushrooms ( ).

Concordant pairs =

                            = 2 + 10

                            = 12

And in discordant pair, none of the pair consumed mushroom = 38

Therefore, pairwise concordance    =

                                                           = 0.24

an organism's phenotype is the  form of a trait  that it  displays. for  flowercolor, a pea  plant  can  display  a phenotype of purple or white flowers. an organism's  genotype  is the alleles of a gene it contains. based on his data, mendel concluded that a phenotype can be  determined  by more than one  genotype.

the answer is d.) homologous; have mammary glands