The original population of brown spotted deer declined drastically after their forest habitat was flooded. after frantic efforts over three decades by the forest authorities to revive the dwindling population, it did bounce back. now the deer population is as huge as it was three decades ago, but it shows a decreased amount of genetic variations. which factor could be responsible for this microevolution?

a. bottleneck effect
b. natural selection
c. founder effect
d. gene flow

In iceland, the mid atlantic ridge runs through the center of the contry. what can you conclude about the apperence of iceland many thousands of years from now?

In the practice of science, this type of reasoning is used to develop explanations.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).