A national park needs to perform selective logging in their forested area. In order for logging trucks to access the area, roads will need to be installed across a previously undisturbed area of forest. The forest is home to many species of trees (hickories, oaks, and maples), multiple herbivores (deer, rabbits, squirrels), and higher level consumers as well (wolves, hawks). What would be required in order to approve the road construction on federal lands in this national forest?

Monarch butterflies have brightly colored orange wings with black patterns on them, making them easily visible to birds that eat butterflies and moths, yet birds rarely eat the monarchs. likewise, the monarch caterpillars are brightly striped yellow and white and black, and they also are rarely eaten by birds, although some wasps will attack them and feed them to their young. what can be inferred from these observations? monarchs must threaten and attack birds, but not wasps. monarchs have a way of discouraging bird predation that does not involve hiding. monarchs’ wings are so colorful that most birds must find them difficult to eat. monarchs lay more eggs than other less conspicuous butterflies.