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How are genetic mutations passed from parent to offspring?

Some mutations are hereditary because they are passed down to an offspring from a parent carrying a mutation through the germ line, meaning through an egg or sperm cell carrying the mutation. There are also nonhereditary mutations that occur in cells outside of the germ line, which are called somatic mutations.

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★ Mutated gametes (sex cells) fuse to create offspring.

Genetic mutations or germline mutations can be defined as a permanent change in the DNA sequence of germ cells (cells, which form ovum and sperm). These mutations can pass from one generation to other when a mutated sperm or mutated oocyte (gametes) get fertilized with another oocyte or sperm.

A germline mutation, present in a single-celled zygote will present in all cells of a muticellular organism, a single-celled zygote divides and produces all of the cells in that organism.  

Explanation:

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lizards have adapted to life in the desert. some desert lizards have toes with spiny scales to them run across the sand without sinking. some use the sand to hide from predators, or to search for small animals that they prey upon.

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