1. Why aren't all the leaves of trees, grass, and bushes eaten away by herbivores? 2. What effect does the amount of producers have on the number of consumers higher in the food chain?

3. What effect can top predators such as sea otters or killer whales have on producer populations? (Describe the concept of a trophic cascade)

4. How did researchers determine how healthy different foods were for humans to eat?

5. Based on the rule of 10 percent, describe why eating a plant-based diet is more efficient than a meat-based diet.

Considering the yellow and green pea color phenotypes studied by gregor mendel: a. what is the biochemical function of the protein that is specified by the gene responsible for the pea color phenotype? (1 point) b. a null allele of a gene is an allele that does not specify (or encode) any of the biochemical function that the gene normally provides (in other words, either no protein at all or only non-functional protein is produced from it). of the two alleles, y and y, which is more likely to be a null allele? (1 point) c. in terms of the underlying biochemistry, why is the y allele dominant to the y allele? (2 points) d. why are peas that are yy homozygotes green? (1 point) e. the amount of protein produced from a gene is roughly proportional to the number of functional copies of the gene carried by a cell or individual. what do the phenotypes of yy homozygotes, yy heterozygotes, and yy homozygotes tell us about the amount of sgr enzyme needed to produce a yellow color? explain your reasoning. (2 points)

What do all macromolecules have in common with each other? oa. they all are formed from the same elements. ob. they all have major roles in cell membranesoc. they all act as catalysts in the body. od. they all have peptide bonds between carbon atoms.

What occurs to the cell during mitosis