What is the free surface / edge of the epithelial cells referred to as?

Actinobacteria sp. are fermenting organisms (which do you use oxygen to breathe) referred to as chemoorganohetereotrophs this means they break down organic material and convert it to inorganic material. which part of the carbon cycle does this describe

Isolated volcanic peaks on the ocean floor are

Overtime the pond slowly becomes more acidic due to the release of chemicals from a nearby factory. which of the organisms would most likely survive the change to their environment?