Select all that apply Effectors include:

Multiple select question.

Nerves

Glands

Muscle

Sensors

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

The fish shown above is a tarpon. it is a fast-swimming and powerful open-water fish. its closest relatives, oddly, are burrow-dwelling conger eels that stay on the bottom. both eels and tarpon developed from snake-like larvae that float in the plankton during the first stages of life. once they mature, tarpon and eels are not found near one another in the ocean. the tarpon and the eel illustrate all of the following except

How can antibodies "remember" a particular bacterial invader or "antigen" on that invader?