How do we know that chromosomes exist in homologous pairs? Somatic cells from the same species contain the same number of chromosomes.
Centromere placements of nearly all chromosomes from somatic cells of the same species can be matched into pairs.
The lengths of nearly all chromosomes from somatic cells of the same species can be matched into pairs.
Centromere placements of nearly all chromosomes from somatic cells of the same species can not be matched into pairs.
The arm ratio for all chromosomes in homologous pairs is different for each individual.

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.

answer; convade;