5. What gametes are produced by the following organisms: a. Genotype YyRr, if Y and R are on different chromosomes b. Genotype YyRr, if dominant Y and R are on the same chromosome, no crossing over c. Genotype YyRr, if dominant Y and recessive r are on the same chromosome, no crossing over d. Genotype YyRr, if dominant Y and R are on the same chromosome, 50% crossing over

a) YR, Yr, yR, yr

b) YR, yr

c) Yr, yR

d) YR, yr, Yr, yR

Explanation:  

Before gametes are formed, during anaphase sister chromatids separate and migrate to the poles. Following the low of segregation and independent assortment, alleles from the same trait and from different traits separate independently from each other. During this separation, there might be different gene combinations according to their position in the chromosome, the occurrence of crossing over, and the destiny of each chromatid.

a. Genotype YyRr, if Y and R are on different chromosomes

Genes are located in two different chromosomes, which means that there might be four possible gametes.

b. Genotype YyRr, if dominant Y and R are on the same chromosome, no crossing over

Genes are located in the same chromosome, which means that there might be two possible gametes.

c. Genotype YyRr, if dominant Y and recessive r are on the same chromosome, no crossing over

Genes are located in the same chromosome, which means that there might be two possible gametes.

d. Genotype YyRr, if dominant Y and R are on the same chromosome, 50% crossing over

The fact that there is 50% crossing over means that these genes are not linked. There are four possible gametes

the answer is; comparing the frequency of collisions with and without the device

this makes the anti-collision system an independent variable and the collisions a dependent variable. if there are fewer collisions with an anti-collision system that without, then it can be stated that the system is a success. essentially, collisions under an anti-collision system are compared with the frequency of collisions by cars with the human drivers.