Will give BRAINLIST How can an understanding of alcohol's effects on the nephron be used to explain many of the symptoms of a hangover due to over consumption of alcohol? (headache, thirst, fatigue, rapid heartbeat, memory loss). Hint: this is both an endocrine & excretory/water balance question.

Alcohol causes changes in the function of the kidneys and makes them less able to filter the blood. Alcohol also affects the ability to regulate fluid and electrolytes in the body. When alcohol dehydrates (dries out) the body, the drying effect can affect the normal function of cells and organs, including the kidneys.