5. Cellular respiration is balanced by photosynthesis; the two processes work together to maintain the cycling of carbon and oxygen among Earth systems.
What describes the roles of carbon dioxide and water in these two processes?
a. Carbon dioxide and water are the reactants of both processes.
b. Carbon dioxide and water are the products of both processes.
c. Carbon dioxide is a reactant of photosynthesis; water is a reactant of cellular
respiration.
d. Carbon dioxide and water are the reactants of photosynthesis and the
products of cellular respiration.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).