The diagram shows protein synthesis that occurs within cells. The process represented in the diagram occurs on the cell organelle known as a 1. vacuole
2. ribosome
3. chloroplast
4. mitochondrion

Protein synthesis, which occurs within cells, occurs in the cellular organelle known as the ribosome (option 2).

Explanation:

Ribosomes are complex structures formed by proteins and RNA (rRNA), the organelles responsible for the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein synthesis.

During translation, ribosomes receive the sequence of codons from the mRNA, interpret it and direct protein synthesis. The transfer RNA (tRNA) provides the amino acids needed for this synthesis, which requires complementarity between an mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon, a process found in the diagram and occurring through the function of the ribosome.

The other options are not correct because the other organelles perform different functions than those represented in the diagram:

    1. Vacuole is an organelle containing water and substances, with a function of maintaining turgor pressure in the plant cell.

    3. Chloroplast participates in plant cell photosynthesis.

    4. Mitochondrion is the organelle where energy production occurs.

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