6 : يوجد بين الأبقار وجراثيم تعيش في كرشها علاقة متبادلة من نوع تبادلية.
I. أية فائدة تجنيها البقرة من الجراثيم ؟
II. عينوا أفضليتين تكتسبهما الجراثيم من هذه العلاقة المتبادلة مع البقرة.
رمز :
تتغذى الأبقار على العشب المحتوي على كمية كبيرة من السيللوز (سكر معقد يبني ج. لا يوجد في الجهاز الهضمي للبقرة الانزيم الذي يحلل السيللوز الى سكريات أحادية

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

The process of meiosis produces only gametes, eggs or sperm. according to the diagram, how many sperm are formed from each cell that undergoes meiosis?

Vascular plants like this one use sunlight to make food through te process of photosynthesis most food a sugar is made in the plant's leaves how does te plant move the sugar to other parts?