1. When a consumer eats a producer, 10 percent of the producer's energy is passed on to the consumer trophic level. What happens to the other 90 percent? A. It is added back to the soil by decomposers.

B. It is used by the producer to pass on to the next trophic level.

C. It is used for cell processes or released as heat.

D. It is consumed and used by the consumer.

2. Why is there less biomass at the top of the energy pyramid?
A. Secondary and tertiary consumers have to consume a lot more food to support themselves, so there are fewer of them.

B. Secondary and tertiary consumers live longer, so there are fewer of them because they reproduce more slowly.

C. Secondary and tertiary consumers are larger, so there are fewer of them.

D. Secondary and tertiary consumers have bigger ranges, so there are fewer of them because they each need a lot of space.

3. Using the ten percent rule, determine how many kilocalories of energy the tertiary consumer tuna will receive.

Algae: 135,000 Kcal
Shrimp: _
Lantern Fish: _
Tuna: _

A. 135 Kcal

B. 1,350 Kcal

C. 135,000 Kcal

D. 13,500 Kcal

4. Read the following statements about various species of plants and animals. Which one would be classified as an invasive species?

A. Kudzu, a plant from Japan, was introduced as a foliage crop and to reduce soil erosion. It grows up to a foot per day, smothering low-growing plants and killing trees.

B. Dandelions are plants from Eurasia. They are often considered weeds by homeowners and killed off by using herbicide. They can be consumed in salads or as tea and are the first food resource for bees in the spring.

C. Honey bees are from Europe and can sting people. They are often farmed in America for their ability to pollinate and provide honey.

D. Loosestrife beetles, native to Eurasia, have been released in various American states to combat the invasive plant, purple loosestrife.

5. Using the following formula to find the efficiency of energy transfer between the harbor seal (2,500 Kcal) and a polar bear (375 Kcal)
(Energy level transferred to next level) / (Total energy input) × 100

A. 15%

B. 20%

C. 10%

D. 12%

Thank you so much if you answer this:) I'm working on it and will probably figure them out but a little help would be appreciated. <3