1.)Students are using balloons to describe the expanding universe model. The students blow up several balloons and put them on the floor. Each balloon represents a different galaxy. How should the students move or change the balloons to demonstrate how the universe is expanding? All of the balloons should be moved to the center of the floor.

Each balloon should be inflated more so that they are all increasing in size.

Each balloon should be deflated so that there is more distance between the surface of each balloon.

All of the balloons should be moved away from each other so there is more distance between them.

2.)Evidence gathered by studying the composition and movement of distant galaxies indicates that the universe expanded rapidly from a single small point. The universe has continued to expand for over 13 billion years.

Which statement is in agreement with the current understanding of the expanding universe?

A.) All matter and energy were contained inside the small point.

B.) Matter and energy came from areas of the universe and were attracted to the small point.

C.) Matter and energy fell into the small point the same way a black hole attracts matter and energy.

D.) Matter was considered into a single point until energy was attracted to the matter from dark areas of the universe.

3.) Why do scientists believe the universe is still expanding?

A.) The further away from an object is, the temperature and pressure eventually become, causing nuclear fusion.

B.) Distant object shift in frequency toward red on the electromagnetic spectrum, which tells us objects are moving away from us.

C.) Spiral galaxies spin, so they appear to be a rotating disk of stars and dust.

D.) Distant objects shift in frequency toward blue on the electromagnetic spectrum, which tells us objects are closer to us .

Mantle convection  is the slow  creepingmotion of earth's solid silicate  mantle  caused by  convection  currents carrying  heat from the interior  to the planet's surface.[1][2]  the earth's surface  lithosphere, which rides atop the  asthenosphere  (the two components of the  upper mantle), is divided into a number of  plates  that are continuously being created and consumed at their opposite  plate boundaries. accretion occurs as mantle is added to the growing edges of a plate, associated with  seafloor spreading. this hot added material cools down by  conduction  and  convection  of heat. at the consumption edges of the plate, the material has thermally contracted to become dense, and it sinks under its own weight in the process of  subduction  usually at an  ocean trench.[3]this subducted material sinks through the earth's interior. some subducted material appears to reach the lower mantle,[4]  while in other regions, this material is impeded from sinking further, possibly due to a phase transition from  spinel  to  silicate perovskiteand  magnesiowustite, an  endothermic reaction.[5]the subducted oceanic crust triggers  volcanism, although the basic mechanisms are varied. volcanism may occur due to processes that add buoyancy to partially melted mantle causing an upward flow due to a decrease in density of the partial melt.secondary forms of convection that may result in surface volcanism are postulated to occur as a consequence of intraplate extension[6]  and  mantle plumes.[7]it is because the mantle can convect that the  tectonic plates  are able to move around the earth's surface.[8]mantle convection seems to have been much more active during the  hadean  period, resulting in gravitational sorting of heavier molten  iron, and  nickel  elements and  sulphides  in the core, and lighter  silicate minerals  in the  mantle.

Characteristic expected of mineral from lava at earth's surface

phaneritic textures in which phaner means visible so phaneritic textures are standard of impertinent volcanic rocks. these rocks crystallized gradually under the surface of earth. when the magma cools deliberately then the ores have chance to develop and produce long crystals.