The painted lady butterfly can be part of the following food chain that is typically found in the N. America (mass of representative organisms follows in parentheses): mallow leaves (butterfly food medium constituent) (0.2 g per leaf), painted lady butterfly (0.5g), American robin (77g), domestic house cat (5kg). Assuming 10% of the biomass from one trophic level is transferred to the next higher level, calculate the number of robins, caterpillars, and mallow leaves that must be consumed to support one 5-kg domestic cat in this food chain. (Hint: Start calculating backwards from the cat.

answer; lower are;

we solve the problem using the hardy-wineberg equation.

let us start with the homozygous recessive proportion of individuals with sickle cell anaemia,

we have the proportion as q² = 0.25.

∴ q = 0.5 (frequency of hbs in population)

further,

solving for the frequency of normal cell by using the fact that,

p + q = 1

∴ p = 1 - 0.5 = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5

now we can calculate 2pq in p² + 2pq + q², which is the frequency for heterozygous carriers of sickle cell anaemia,

∴ 2pq = 2 x 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.5

and the homozygous normal cell individuals proportion is given by the expression,

∴ p² = 0.5² = 0.25

hence, the carriers for sickle cell anaemia are in proportion, 0.5, or 50%.