Which statement correctly describes the genetic makeup of the sperm cells produced by a human male? Select one
a. Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically different
b. Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically different
Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically identical
d. Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically identical,

Sperm cells are gametes produced in the testicular organs of a male human or animal.

The correct option is :

(a)  Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes, and the cells are usually genetically different.

Hence, the only correct option is (a) Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are typically genetically different.

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a. Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically different

Explanation:

Sperm cells, also known as spermatozoa or male gametes, are cells that contain a single set of chromosomes, i.e., they are haploid (n) cells. In fertilization, an egg cell (female gamete) and a sperm cell fuse to form a diploid (2n) zygote cell. Moreover, crossing over or recombination is the interchange of genetic material that occurs in the germline (i.e., both female gametes and male gametes). Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids during meiosis (prophase I). As a consequence of this process, gametes are not genetically aren't identical to one another.

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.