alaska is faumous for going day at a time without sunlight. predict when this would occur. why does it happen?

Alaska can have days with unusually long nights, this is due to its position on Earth. Earth has two poles, North and South; Alaska is very close to the North Pole. This affects the way the sun reaches Alaska. We know that since the Earth is tilted on an axis during the North's winter the pole is pointed away from the sun. Since Alaska is close to the pole it is also pointed away from the sun during the winter. This is why during the season Alaska has very short days.

b.

"1. it should be, it has been for about 20 years, and it's really not much different in the end than breeding animals to have particular traits. there are always concerns about genetically engineered animals/plants affecting the environment in unexpected negative ways, but i can't think of an example where the fears didn't turn out to be baseless.  

first, as you point out, it would be a great advance in pharmacology, to be able to tailor drugs and their doses to me. the pros involve better medical treatment. the cons involve privacy issues like insurance companies denying coverage to people with genetic risk factors. looking at dna markers wouldn't affect the frequency of genetic diseases, but it would allow detection of them earlier. and ok, actually i suppose that if people used this information to avoid having children with genetic diseases, some might decrease in frequency."