2. Trace a molecule of carbon dioxide from a muscle cell to the environment in a vertebrate of your choice. (This is an anatomy and physiology question and should include all four types of respiration, both
the respiratory and circulatory systems, and a mention of diffusion where appropriate).

I will choose a frog.The CO2 molecule is produced in aerobic respiration as a product from decarboxylation(R-COOH--->CO2+R-H) in Kreb's cycle. The CO2 molcule will leave the mitochondria. CO2 from the will diffuse from the muscle cell to the capilaries. From the capilaries the molecule will go into a vein. It will brought to the right atrium by the inferior vena cava. During atrial systole the molecule will be pumped in the ventricle(frogs only have 1 ventricle). During ventricular systole the molecule will be pumped into the pulmonary artery into the lungs where it'll diffuse out of the capilaries into the lungs and will be expired.

primary succession occurs in essentially lifeless areas regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. secondary succession occurs