You and your friend are outside on a hot summer day. You hear the icecream truck in the distance and you decide you will race to see who gets there faster. You both start running at top speed. A few
seconds later, you arrive at the truck and you're both sweating and panting hard. Your friend collapses
on the ground exclaiming “My heart is racing!" Develop an explanation for why your body is
responding in this way to maintain homeostasis. Make sure your answer includes lung function and
heart function to explain what controls the concentration of solutes in your body.

Name the following: (a) category of pathogen that causes diseases, like common cold and mumps. (b) the microorganism that requires a host to produce.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

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