Explain the effect that cigarettes could have on the cellular respiration. What would smoking do for the production of ATP? Describe the process of ATP production during smoke inhalation.

cigarettes increase carbon monoxide concentration in the blood and cause irreversible damage to the lungs, the main organ involved in oxygen uptake

Explanation:

Cigarettes contain many harmful chemical substances capable of damaging the airways and small air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. The main function of the lungs is to take oxygen into the body. During aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen (O2) reacts with glucose to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell, in a metabolic process that releases carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) as waste products. Moreover, cigarettes are also known to increase carbon monoxide levels in the bloodstream. This molecule (carbon monoxide) binds to hemoglobin and myoglobin in the blood, competing with oxygen to be correctly delivered into tissues, thereby producing hypoxia and decreasing cellular respiration rate.

i think a) betsy can donate only blood to mark is correct because, mark and betsy have the same blood type. whereas nobody else has b+ blood so betsy can't donate to them.

substitution is the answer in this case