PLEASE HELP ME! MY DEAR FRIEND!! 1. Explain how mutations can alter a DNA strand and ultimately a protein structure. Make sure to include point mutation, frameshift mutations, insertion, deletion, substitution, and silent mutations.

2. Identify which mutation occurred (insertion, deletion, substitution, or silent substitution) and highlight where the mutation occurred.
Original DNA: TACGGGATGTTCCCA
Mutation #1: TACGGGACCCA
Mutation #2: TACGGGAGTTCCCAT
Mutation #3: TACGGGATGTCTCCC
Mutation #4: TACGGTATGTTCCCA

What is the phylum of soft bodied animals with a true bosy cavity and a three part body consisting of a foot visceral mass and a mantle

Which of the following observation darwin shape his concept of descent with modification? a) species diversity declines farther from the equator. b) fewer species live on islands than on the nearest continents. c) birds live on islands located farther from the mainland than the bird's maximum nonstop flight distance. d) south american temperate plants are more similar to the tropical plants of south america than to the temperate plants of europe. e) earthquakes reshape life by causing mass extinctions.

Choose the incorrect statement (a) the motor end plate membrane is only capable of generating graded potentials, but it is contiguous with the skeletal muscle sarcolemma, which can generate action potentials. (b) propagation of an action potential through the t-tubules into the sarcoplasmic reticulum triggers the release of ca++ into the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber. (c) the generation of suprathreshold endplate potentials in multiple muscle fibers could be due to the increased frequency of action potential generation at the axon hillock of a single motor neuron. (d) a greater amount of ach would be found in the presynaptic vesicles of a motor unit that fired several action potentials after exposure to botulinum toxin, than in a motor unit that fired several action potentials after exposure to the venom of the krait snake (which contains α-bungarotoxin).