X is the replication of DNA, which occurs in the nucleus.
Y is the transcription of DNA to mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus
.
Z is the translation of codons into amino acids so that protein synthesis occurs, which occurs in the cytoplasm.
Explanation:
DNA molecule —with the ability to replicate— contains the genetic information for protein synthesis, in a specific sequence of nitrogenous bases, which must be transcribed into the mRNA, travel to the cytoplasm and couple to ribosomes for synthesis to occur.
According to the diagram:
X is the replication of DNA, which occurs in the nucleus. For this process to occur the double strand of DNA must be separated, and each strand will serve as a template for the synthesis of a new strand, in a process called semiconservative replication.
Y is the transcription of DNA to mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus. In this mechanism the information from the DNA is transferred to a newly synthesized molecule, the mRNA, which will leave the nucleus to move into the cytoplasm.
Z is the translation of codons into amino acids so that protein synthesis occurs, which occurs in the cytoplasm. The base sequence of the mRNA structure forms codons, triplets of bases, which encode amino acids. Each codon has a complementary anticodon in the transfer RNA, whose function is to bring the amino acid and couple it in a specific order to the protein being synthesized.
The processes of DNA replication, transcription and translation guarantee the preservation and management of genetic information, so that protein synthesis occurs.
