Albinism is a disease that results from a recessive gene. Two normal (unaffected) parents produce a child with albinism. a) What is the probability that a sperm from the father contains the albinism gene? b) What is the probability that an egg from the mother contains the albinism gene? c) What is the probability that their next child will have albinism? d) What is the probability that their next child would be heterozygous for albinism?

Which kind of mutation has occurred when the codon for an amino acid is changed to a stop codon? a. a silent mutation b. a missense mutation c. a frameshift mutation d. a nonsense mutation

12) several teeth were found in an area of flat land covered with trees and plants. the teeth were examined by a paleontologist, and it was determined that the teeth came from a shark. they found many other shark teeth in this area. however, the people who discovered the teeth were puzzled, because there was no source of water near where the fossils were found. what is the paleontologist's best explanation for why the teeth were found in this area? a) sharks used to live on flat land. b) this area was once covered with salt water. c) this area was once covered with freshwater. d) someone buried the shark teeth deep in the ground.

which is an effect of short-term environmental changes? a) adaptation b) speciation c) extinction d) death (5 points)