1) Which of the following sequence MOST likely represents ecological succession on a recently abandoned wheat field? A) grasses→ flowering plants → shrubs → native trees

B) native trees → shrubs → flowering plants → grasses

C) shrubs → grasses → native trees → flowering plants

D) flowering plants → native trees → shrubs → grasses

2) What is the relationship between ecological succession and equilibrium in an ecosystem?

A) Ecological succession helps maintain equilibrium in an ecosystem.

B) Ecological succession prevents ecosystems from ever reaching equilibrium.

C) There is no relationship between ecological succession and equilibrium.

D) Ecological succession and equilibrium are the same thing.

3) appearance of small plants with rapidly spreading roots on newly formed coastal sand dunes describes -

A) a microhabitat.

B) primary succession.

C) secondary succession.

D) biodiversity

4)Why does secondary succession occur faster than primary succession?

A) fewer changes must occur in secondary succession

B) there are more pioneer species in secondary succession

C) the environmental conditions are more

extreme in primary succession

D) there are more trophic levels in secondary succession

4) Why does secondary succession occur faster than primary succession?

A) fewer changes must occur in secondary succession

B) there are more pioneer species in secondary succession

C) the environmental conditions are more

extreme in primary succession

D) there are more trophic levels in secondary succession

1) A. Grasses ---> Flowering Plants ---> Shrubs ---> Native trees

2) A. Ecological succession helps maintain equilibrium in an ecosystem

3) B. Primary succession

4. B. There are more pioneer species in secondary succession.

from almost the creation of the first true maps of the earth, people started seeing how continents would be able to fit together.   in particular, people noticed that south america fits almost exactly into africa.

you should be aware that while world maps were around early in the 1600’s and better defined by the end of the 1700’s, those maps were not ‘public’ but were treated as state secrets.   and so it was not till much later that the broader ‘science’ community had access to good quality and accurate world maps.

get the whole story here…

it is now known that most of the major continental masses can be fit together in a jigsaw process.   in fact we now know that the continents were indeed once all joined together as one land mass – the supercontinent of pangaea.

if you look at most world maps you will ponder how this is evidence, as the continents really don’t appear to ‘fit’ together very well.   what you need to understand is that the vast majority of maps are drawn using a map projection that has the north and south poles (which are points) are a line the width of the map at the top and bottom.   this means that the map distorts the true shape of the earth’s land and oceans as you love closer to the poles.     some other map projections distort less, but have the map shape looking like segments of an orange.   see here for a range of map projections.   check out the way greenland changes size in each!

what is more remarkable, is the next piece of evidence when added to the shape of continents.

location of mountains and fossils

what is remarkable, when you reassemble all the continents together, the ancient mountain ranges (many now eroded to their cores) and the location of rock types and fossils all match up.

that would be called plucking : )

explanation:

''plucking, also referred to as quarrying, is a glacial phenomenon that is responsible for the erosion and transportation of individual pieces of bedrock, especially large "joint blocks". as a glacier moves down a valley, friction causes the basal ice of the glacier to melt and infiltrate joints (cracks) in the bedrock."