1. What is active transport? 2. How is active transport different from osmosis and diffusion?
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1) Active Transport is the movement of water molecules from the region of lower concentration to the region of higher concentration. This movement is against the concentration gradient. As the molecules are moving from less concentrated to the more concentrated region it acquires energy to move the molecules because the molecules are moving towards the MORE CROWDED region so ofcourse there will be resistance thus energy is provided in the form of ATP for this movement.

Osmosis The Movement of water molecules from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration through the semi permeable membrane, without any use of ATP/

Diffusion The movement of molecules from the region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration

The Active Transport requires the ATP whereas the Diffusion and osmosis donot require it. Why dont osmosis and diffusion require the ATP?

In simpler words because The molecules are moving to the less crowded region so there will be no resistance so they will easily move to it.

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a fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.[1] the age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years.[2] fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal, and natural gas.[3] other commonly used derivatives include kerosene and propane. fossil fuels range from volatile materials with low carbon to hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquids like petroleum, to nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields either alone, associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.

the theory that fossil fuels formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over millions of years was first introduced by andreas libavius "in his 1597 alchemia [alchymia]" and later by mikhail lomonosov "as early as 1757 and certainly by 1763".[4] the first use of the term "fossil fuel" was by the german chemist caspar neumann, in english translation in 1759.[5]

in 2017 the world's primary energy sources consisted of petroleum (34%), coal (28%), natural gas (23%), amounting to an 85% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world.[6] non-fossil sources in 2006 included nuclear (8.5%), hydroelectric (6.3%), and others (geothermal, solar, tidal, wind, wood, waste) amounting to 0.9%.[7] world energy consumption was growing at about 2.3% per year. in 2015 about 18% of worldwide consumption was from renewable sources.[8]

some scientists like gregory adcock agree with thorne's theory of regional continuity.

others, like chris stringer and ian tattersall, believe thorne's results may be contaminated or misinterpreted.