Our cells replicate about once every 30 minutes. If the human body has on average 37 trillion cells, and the human genome is 3 Gbp in size, that's a crazy amount of bases being copied! One of the hallmarks of DNA replication is its ability to proofread and fix mistakes. In order for a true mutation to be created in a population of individuals, what are the the necessary steps that need to falter

The question is incomplete,this sentence completes the question.

(from DNA replication in a specific kind of cell, to the birth of an offspring)?

Mutation of genes are sudden and they can be inherited,these changes in the genetic material can be transferred from the mother cell to the daughter cells.

Somatic cells mutation is when the mutation happens in somatic cells and it is also known as germinal mutation if the mutation occurs in germinal cells.

These mutations has the ability to be passed to the next generation because germinal cells can give rise to gametes.

Inorder for true mutation to be created in a population of individuals, mutation should firstly occur in the germinal cells,this is so that gametes will be produced with the alleles that are mutated.the goal here is so that the mutation can pass from one individual to another.

- Mutation happens in gene of an individual's cells,these cells are germline cells as these germline cells are the ones that produce egg or sperm that is the gamete.

This Mutation in germline cells has the tendency of occuring during the replication of DNA,this is so because of mutagens in the form of UV or chemicals that has the ability of affecting the sequence of DNA and also affecting the recognition of of mutation therefore a mutated allele is produced.

Normally,it takes 24hours for human cells to divide,but in the question,it is given that the cell takes only 30minutes to divide.

this simply implies that the rate of DNA replication is fast so it increases the chances of getting mutation.

- When germline cells that have mutated alleles replicate,they produce gametes with mutated allele.

- In the process of fertilization,gametes that have mutated allele that is the egg and the sperm fuses with the gamete that comes from the opposite sex, this brings about zygote formation.

The formed zygote,develop into an embryo that has mutations,this mutation is in the heterozygous condition, therefore,the offspring is with the mutation.

- Finally,the offspring that has the mutation in the heterozygous condition transfers the allele that is mutated to his or her offspring,this is done so that the individuals in the population will contain the mutation.

the correct answer is option b

behavioral response need communication and thus co-ordination at several levels such as interaction among cells, organ system and the entire organism.

behavioral response produces both internal and environmental stimulus.

the offspring would all be white. if the parents are both white flowers then they have the genotype rr, which when crossed results in an all white punnet square.