Classify the organisms as prokaryotic or eukaryotic Listed in the Item Bank are key terms and expressions, each of which is associated with one of the columns. Some terms may display additional
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1st cells on Earth
DNA and/or RNA
animal cell
blue-green algae
cellular organelles
respiration
prokaryote
eukaryote
both cell types

a polymer is a chainlike molecule made up of small molecular units. these small molecular units are called monomers. monomers of polymer can be joined together either naturally or synthetically.  

fertilization, pictured in figure 24.23a is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote. the egg and sperm each contain one set of chromosomes. to ensure that the offspring has only one complete diploid set of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg. in mammals, the egg is protected by a layer of extracellular matrix consisting mainly of glycoproteins called the zona pellucida. when a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of biochemical events, called the acrosomal reactions, take place. in placental mammals, the acrosome contains digestive enzymes that initiate the degradation of the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allowing the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane, as illustrated in figure 24.23b. the fusion of these two membranes creates an opening through which the sperm nucleus is transferred into the ovum. the nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid genomes condense to form a diploid genome.

explanation: