Help me, out of these, which ones are a series circuit and which are parallel

Most animal cells membranes have proteins that pump ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell

8) animals respond in various ways to stimuli detected through their senses. some of these responses are stimulated by the presence of danger. which of these animal responses is the best example of a response to an immediate threat? a) a rooster crows every morning at the first sign of light. b) as something approaches an octopus, it shoots a cloud of ink. c) from late fall until spring, bears hibernate to preserve energy. d) a dog is getting hot in the sunlight, so he moves to a shaded area.

Which characteristics are typical of a human population in the postindustrial stage?