The three stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation consists of the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. Describe how chemiosmosis couples the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis.

Chemiosmosis is described as one of the mechanisms by which ATP is produced. As the electrons pass through the electron transport chain, energy is released, which is used to establish a proton gradient across a selectively-permeable membrane. The proton gradient drives the protons (hydrogen ions) to move down the gradient, releasing the energy that is in turn captured in the terminal phosphate bonds of ATP.

Explanation:

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you are certainly talking about this picture:

a: is the label of the white square, it is showing the  replication fork, formed by helicase (d) ==> so it is the site of dna separation and replication 

b: is a new dna brand that is following directly the replication fork, so it is continuous ==> built continuously from 5' to 3

c: dna polymerase cannot replicate dna on its own, it needs the of their proteins, and one of them plays the role of a clamp which fixes  the dna with the dna template and increases  the processivity of the enzyme. ==>   stops polymerase from falling off the  template.

d: is the enzyme responsible for forming the replication fork (helicase) ==> unwinds and separates dna into two strands

e: is the delayed strand, it is built  in the opposite sense of the helicase, so dna will be built in fragments ==> built  fragments from 5' to 3 joins

and finally f: is the enzyme that builds  the new dna strand (dna polymerase) ==>   adds nucleotides to make a new dna helix.

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