Cells typically respond to DNA damage in three ways: by ceasing to grow and divide until the damage is repaired, by permanently ceasing to grow and divide, or by dying. In 2010 a group
of scientists reported that a certain kind of immune reaction can cause DNA damage that
leads to a fourth response. DNA damage can turn off genes involved in cell-signaling
pathways. Turning off these genes can cause less-mature cells to divide too rapidly, often
leading to the development of