Is this primary succession or secondary succession? And why? Pls help! Don’t be a troll

Why do mutations in genes affect traits? o a. genes determine what type of mutagens an organism has. o b. genes produce proteins that cause traits. o c. genes affect how many chromosomes an organism has o d. genes code for carbohydrates that influence traits.

In a cladogram, what occurs at a node? a derived trait appears. evolution is stopped. an ancestor dies. the cladogram ends. aa as s as ss what are the chances that their offspring will have sickle cell anemia? 0% 25% 50% 100%

Which statement describes the punctuated equilibrium theory?