Biology, 20.10.2020 21:01, meganwintergirl

Chemotaxis is a process by which cells migrate toward higher concentrations of a signaling molecule. The signaling molecule binds cell-surface receptors that result in actin polymerization at the cell membrane. Actin polymerization results in the formulation of filamentous actin that exerts a force and leads to protrusion of the leading edge. A researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. 1. Which of these structures, if present in a prokaryote, would prevent the organism from using this type of actin polymerization to chemotax toward a signal?

A. cell wall

B. flagellum

C. mitochondrion

D. ribosome

2. In the model proposed, which of these events MOST likely occurs to facilitate chemotaxis?

A. Integrins anchor the cell to extracellular components.

B. Motor proteins move actin toward the leading edge.

C. Mitochondria migrate away from the leading edge.

D. Desmosomes anchor the cell to other cells.

3. Based on the researcher’s observations on filamentous actin, what other observation regarding cell chemotaxis was MOST likely observed?

A. The cell moved toward the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A.

B. The cell moved away from the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A.

C. The cell first moved toward and then away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.

D. The cell did not move toward or away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.

4. The researcher hypothesizes that Compound A passively diffuses through the cell membrane to bind actin subunits. Which of these observations, if true, would MOST support his hypothesis?

A. Increasing extracellular sodium concentration interferes with Compound A function.

B. Adding actin to the extracellular medium interferes with Compound A function.

C. Reducing the temperature of the cell interferes with Compound A function.

D. Blocking ATP hydrolysis interferes with actin function.

Chemotaxis is a process by which cells migrate toward higher concentrations of a signaling molecule

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answered: Guest

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answered: Guest

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

answered: Guest

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answered: Guest

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