3. Explain why energy is required to move the hydrogen ions across the membrane in the direction indicated in Model 1.

Energy is required to move the hydrogen ions across the membranebecause the hydrogen ions are movingagainst the concentration gradient. High potential energy electrons provide the energy necessary to pumphydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

texas-flood watch and coastal flood barriers

california-try and look for under ground water stream

primary succession begins with a bare rock and ends with a forest secondary succession begins after a natural disaster where there is a temporary setback after a forest fire or local destruction, but the surrounding area can fill in