Why do the offspring of individuals who survive and reproduce have an advantage?

Compare and contrast cladistics and phylogeny. what are their advantages and disadvantages? which is the most useful in understanding how an organism developed into its current form? which concept most strongly supports your opinion about the origin of any given organism?

Which of the following is an eon in the time scale? phanerozoic proterozoic archean all of the above

Everything in the universe originated from a single point. how was it possible for everything in the universe to have occupied a single point in space?