What is the genotype of individual IV - 2?

Which mantle is under the crust the upper mantle or the lower mantle i think it's upper let me know if i'm right

The bacteria found in soil is usually harmful and measures are taken to remove any traces of microorganisms. true or false

The is an estimate of the fewest number of organisms a population needs to avoid extinction. this measurement will most if the number of offspring each female in the population produces increases. if the population's this measurement will most likely increase. 1 population density, minimum viable population, carrying capacity 2 decrease, be unaffected, increase 3 death rate increase, dead rate decrease