1. a. The diagram below illustrates the set-up of the beginning of an experiment to
demonstrate biological process. Study it carefully and answer the questions which
follow:
Trough
living
yam
sugar
solution
water
i. What biological process was being demonstrated?
[1 mark]
ii. What does each of the following substances represent in the set-up?
al Yam cup
B Sugar solution
r Water
[3 marks]
ii. Draw a labeled diagram to illustrate what was observed when set-up was allowed
to stand for 24 hours.
(4 marks]
iv. Give one example of the demonstrated projects in each of the following living things
Flowering plant
Animals
[2 marks]
B.

In a cross between individuals of a species of tropical fish, all of the male offspring have long tail fins, and none of the females possess the trait. mating two of the f1 fish fails to produce females with the trait. explain the inheritance pattern of the trait.

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.

In pea plants, yellow seed color (y) is dominant and green seed color (y) is recessive. based on the punnett squares, what are the chances that the offspring in the second generation will have green seeds?